Apparatus fob the peoduction of explosive mixtubes



e, B. COLLIER. APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION 0F EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.

APPLICATION FXLED JULY l0. 19l7.

G. B. COLLIER. APPARATUS POR THE PRODUCTION 0F EXPLOSIVE MXTURES.

APPLICATION FILEAD JULYIOHQI?. 1,436,480.

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1,436,480. Patented Nov. 21, 1922. i: 7 SHEETS-SHEET 3- J6 Fm dg/171 l/J@ .zzo zza 137 las :1111/ @2 l 0 125 Q j 17.97

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G. B. COLLIER. APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION 0F EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I0. 1917.

PatentedINov.

G. B. COLLIER.

APPAR'ATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION 0F EXILOSIVE MIXTURES. APPLICATION FILEDIuLYIo. 1911.

1,436,4 80, q Patented Nov. 21,1922'.A SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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APPLICATION FILEDJULYIO, 1917- 1,436,480. Patented Nov. 21, 1922..

FSHEETS-SHEET 6.

G. B. COLLIER. APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION oF ExPLosIvE MlxTuREs.APPLICATION FILED JULY l0. 1917.

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Patented Nov. 21, 1922.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' GUY B. COLLIER, OF KINDERHOOK, NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR THEPRODUCTION 0F EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.

Application led July 10,

1 'o @ZZ w/wm t may concerny Be it known that I, GUY B. Contana, acitizen ot the United States, residing at Kinderhook. in the county ofColumbia and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Apparatus for the Production of .Explosive Mixtures; andl do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invent-ion, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to appa 'atus tor the production ofexplosive mixtures, and more particularly to apparatus itor theutilization of liquid fuels having a low volatility.

The desirability ot a carbureter or other i'nechanism which shallproduce an explosive mixture 'from kerosene has long been recognized. Itis essential, however, more especially in connection with motor vehiclesthat a successful vaporizing apparatus of this character shall heat theexplosive mixture to a substantially7 constant temperature independentlyof the volume of mixture which is flowing through the apparatus and thatthis heating of the mixture to a constant temperature shall be securedwith a. comparatively simple and compactconstruction. y I

An object ot the present invention is to provide an improved form otapparatus for prod ucing explosive mixtures which is capable ot handlingkerosene orother liquids oi low volatility and under all conditions otservice and temperature. ,y

Accordingly, with this object in view. a teature ot the inventioncontemplates the provision ot means for initially mixing air l andliquid fuel to form a saturated mixture, means tor heating the resultingmixture to a comparatively high temperature, and means for thereafterintroducing into the mixture dilution air at a lower temperature andJfor mixing the dilution air with the saturated mixture. thus formingthe true explosive mixture for an internal combustion motor. lViththisconstruction only a suflicient amount ot' air to carry the fuel insuspension is initially employed. and this saturated mixture ot' air andliquid is hea-ted to a comparatively high temperature whereby the airnow contains :fuel vapors which may be in the superheated state beforethe introduction of additional dilution air to 1917. Serial No. 179,674.

form an explosive mixture. T he dilution air 1s not heatedkto as high adegree as the saturated mixture and consequently the latter gives upsome oi its heat during the mixing process so that the resultingexplosive mixture is at a lower temperature than the saturated mixture.According to this mode ot operation a comlnugatively small body ot' thesaturated mixture of air and liquid is heated to a high temperature andisY thereafter augmented `by the requisite volume of dilution air heatedto a considerably lower teniperature. This construction enables therequired volume of explosive mixture to be produced in a most efficientand rapid manner and with an apparatus of the most compact character.

Still further features oi theinvention con; sist in certain novelfeatures of construction, combinations and arrangements of partshereinafter described and claimed, the advantages or which will beobvious to those skilled in the art from the followingde-` scription.

ln the accompanying drawings. illustrating the preferred forni of theinvention, Figure l represents a side elevation of the improvedapparatus; Fig. 2 is a right hand end view, partly in section. of theapparatus shown in Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a let't hand end view. partly insect-ion ot the apparatus shown inI Fig. 1: Fig. 4f is a detail showinga longitudinal sectionfof the exhaust heater; Fig. 5 is a` detailillustrating a side elevation, partly in section, of the mixingdevicesand electric heater; Fig. 6 is' 'a detail illust-rating a cross sect-ionof the exhaust heater taken upon the line G-G ot Fig. 4; Fig. 7 is adetail showing a cross section of the electric heater taken upon theline T-T of Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a detail illustrating a top plan view ofthe atomizing devices and operating connect-ions; Fig. 9 is -a detailshowing the mixing bowl with the top removed and illustrating thearrangement of the devices for controlling the tiow ot air. liquid fueland water: Fig. 10 a detail illustrating a section in elevation. uponthe line lO-lO of Fig. 9: and Figs. l1 to 13, inclusive. arediagrammatic views illustrating the embodiyment olf the electri(l heaterin various types ot ignition, lighting and starting circuits('oi'ninonly employed on motor vehicles.

According to the present invention liquid Yfuel is first mixed with airto torni a saturated mixture. which is then heated to a comparativelyhigh temperature, for example perhaps about 2800, and is then augmentedby dilution air at a lower temperature to form an explosive mixturewhich enters the motor at a temperature lower than the saturatedmixture, tor example perhaps about 1250. The tinal temperature at whichthe explosive mixture enters the motor is maintained substantiallyconstant independently ot variations in the temperature oit the at'-mospheric air, or variations in the volume of mixture passing throughthe apparatus. The automatic maintenance of a constant temperatureimlcpendently ot the extent oi the 'throttle opening is a greatdesideratum in apparatus ot this character as the etticiency of theapparatus, to a great degree, depends upon the successful control of thetemperature.

The apparatus shown in the illustrated embodiment of the inventioncomprises essentially an atomizer 20, an electric heater 22, an exhaustheater 23, and a final mixer 24:, all ot which are interconnected withone another'and with the throttle connection to secure the cojointoperation ot the several elements ot the apparatus.

The atomizer Ztlcomprisesailoat chamber 25 for the liquid fuel havingthe usual float 2G supported therein by an arm 27 and adapted to controlthe flow or' liquid through an inletpipe 2S. The air :tor atomizing theliquid is admitted under pressure through an air pipe 30 whichcommunicates with a vert-ical passage 3l Vformed in a web 32 whichdivides the bowl 33 ot' the mixer in two parts as shown clearly in Fig.9 ot the drawings. The flow of air through the passage is controlled bya valve 34 located in an orifice 35 which discharges into an outwardlyfiared discharge chamber 36 formed in the web 32 as shown clearly inFig. 9. The valve 34 is provided with a stem 3S threaded in a sleeve 39received in the side of the bowl and is capable of movement to vary theflow of air through the oritice. In order to separate the atomized jetand cause a thorough intermixing ot ai:- from valve and liquid the outerend 40 of the valve extends into the discharge chamber' 3G and is flaredoutwardly as shown clearly in Fig. 5 to it'orm a coueshaped discl'iargewhich is thoroughly impregnated with the liquid fuel. The flow Aot theliquid fuel from the float chamber' 25 is controlled by a verticallydisposed needle valve 4t2 threaded in an enlarged portion 43 ot the web32 and having its lower end. disposed substantially at the intersectionoi a vertical passage 4A and an inclined fuel passage a5 whichcomu'iunicates with the orifice 35 surrounding the air valve 34. lvsuitably moving the nedle valve 12 the flow of liquid fuel to theorifice is controlled in the usual manner, It is desirable, in additionto the liquid fuel, to introduce a` predetermined quantity of water intothe explosive mixture. To this end a second float chamber 46 is formedin the bowl This float chamber is provided with a float il? sup portedby an arm 48 which controls the flow ot' water through an inlet pipe 50.The fiow of water from the chamber 46 into the mixing chamber iscontrolled by a needle valve 5l supported vertically in the boss 43 atone side ot the needle valve 4t2. The needle valve controls the. flow otwater through the vertical passage 52 and inclined passage 53 leadingfrom the vertical passage into the orifice 35 on the opposite side fromthe passage 45. It will be ohserved that this forms an extremely simpleand compact construction for controlling the atomizing air, water andliquid fuel. The' several valves 34, ft2 and 5l ttor controllingrespectively the flow ot air, liquid fuel and water automatically varythe rate ot flow in accordance with varying throttle positions. Each ofthe valves 42 and 5l is threaded in .the boss 43 and is provided uponits upper end with pinions 55 and 5G, respectively, which are engagedand rotated by a gear segment 57 mounted upon the outer end of an arm 58fulcrumed at 59 upon the upper portion of the bowl. The air valve 34 isprovided with a beveled pinion 60 secured to the outer end of the stem38 and engaged by a gear segment 61 formed upon the lower end of an arm62 ulcruined upon the bowl at 63. These above described connections foradjusting the air and liquid valves are automatically operated bycontrolling 'mechanism to be hereinafter described.

It is desirable that only sufficient air stia-1l be used in the atomizer20 to atomize the liquids and act as a medium for conveying therequisite volumes of liquids till it receives auxiliary saturation airand accordingly the mixture of air and liquid coming from the atoinizerholds particles of the liquid in sus pension, the air in this case beingsubstantially supersaturated. In order to afford a remedy for thiscondition a valve indicated at 95 is located above a passage 67 and isarranged to admitthe balance of air prior to the passage of the mixtureinto the elec tric heater, this a ir being sufficient in amount to holdthe liquid vapors saturated upon receipt ot the proper amount. of heat.

The mixture or' air and liquid vapor is heated to ay predeterminedtemperature. This heating at larger throttle openings is intended to beaccomplished primarily through a heater 23 which utilizes the heat otthe exhaust gases, but at certain periods tor example during thelowthrottle openi'igs and dijlring the starting oitl the motor. thc heatimparted to the mixture by the exhaust heater 23 is insufficient toraise the 67 leading to the discharge chamber anda passage 68 leading tothe exhaust heater.

vThe separate heating units 66 each consists of a frame 70 ot insulatingmaterial having cross members 'T1 each provided with a plurality of-grooves 73 for the reception of vthe heating resister consisting of aspiral of wire '74 which is connected at its opposite ends to theterminals v 5 and 7G. rl`he heating units extend. across the heatercasing and are supported sotthat the spirals of surcessive units extendat right angles as shown clearly inyFig. 5` of the drawings. In order tocontrol the degree of heat impartedto the mixture by the electric heaterthe latter is arranged in three separate divisions which aresuccessively thrown into operation. The iirst division consists of fiveheating frames which are connected with a terminal 80 threaded intheupper portiono'f the heater casing. as shown clearly in Fig. 5. .Thesuccessive heating units consist respectively of one Yframe each, andare connected to the terminals S1 and 82. The electric heater isprovided with a water jacket 84 which may be connected with circulatingpipes through threaded openings S3.

The heating units are automatically controlled through a switchconsisting of'a contact arm S5 fulcrumed at S6 within a switch casing`87 and having its outer end arranged to engage with one of a series ofcontacts as shown clearly-in Figl, the opposite end 8S otthe armengaging with a Contact 89 to complete the circuit. WYhenv the -arm S5engages witha member 90 1alone the circuit is` broken-and none of theheating units are energized. ThenA the arm is moved to engage `with thecontact 91 the irst five heating -iframes are brought into operation,and as the arm moved to engagesuccessively. with the contacts '92 and93" the next two heating units are-cut into the circuit in series withthe lirst unit. vThe circuit 'for energizing the heating units is ofsubstantially const-ant voltage, andas the various heating. `uuitseachconsists ot a-length of resistance wire, the'addition of each heatingunit exerts. a greater resistance in the circuit. thereby cutting downthe current whichv passes through the units. rI'he result of thisconstruction is that the' addition of the successive heatingunits-actually decreases the heating etleet of the. heater as a whole.lhen the arm is moved beyond the contact Ql-to the cont-act 9;!- all.oil? the heating units are lcut out ot the circuit andy the heater 22 is'rendered electrically `inoperative. The switch for controllingr theoperation ot' the several heating units is actuated in harmony with theother elements of the system through connections to be hereinafterdescribed.

The vaporous mixture, which may or may not have beenl primarily heatedin the elec- 'tric heater, is finally heated by the exhaust heater 23through which the mixture is caused to pass. The exhaust heatercomprises generally a cylindrical casing, in one end of which themixture is directed'and into the opposite end of which the exhaust gasesare directed. the passages for the mixture being separated from theexhaust gas passages by thin walls having a high conductivity whichcauses the heat to be readily transferred from the exhaust to themixture. The heater is designed to cause thc passage of the exhaustgasback and forth throughout the .length of the heater, thus imparting alarge portion of the rheatv of the exhaust to the mixture withoutnecessitating a cumbersome. bulky heater. .lnthe illustrated embodimentof the invention the exhaust gases are directed from a passage 114.first through longitudinally extending passages and 101 formed in atapering cylindrical shell 111. After traversing throughout the lengthof the shell the exhaust gases are returned through passages 103 and10ft termed in the same shell. The shell is provided with transversepartitions 112i extending at right angles with one another and dividingthe shell into 'four separate passages of equal cross sectional area.After the exhaust gases are returned through the passages 103 and 104they are directed into a passage 105iormed between the two concentriccylindrical shells 108 and 109. the shell 10S having a radially disposedrib 110 to split the flow ot' gases,'projecting `into the passage 105and arranged to afford sutiicient conducting surface for extracting heattrom the exhaust. l

lu order to aiiord the proper adjustment under widely varyingconditionsof temperature, -li'or example at Zero degrees F. and seventy degreesFalineans are provided for either materially cutting down the heatingeffect of the exhaust gases or materially augmenting' the h eatiu getl'cct of these gases that are available through the regulation oi. thevalve 151. To this end a pair o1' valves 215 and 216 control the flow otexhaust frases to and from a chamber Q17 through which the `:rases flowfrom the interior oii the shell 111 into the annular passage 105. lllhenthe temperature of the outside air approximates seventy degrees. thevalve Q15 is closed andl fases otherhand when ythe temperature of theoutside air `is at zero degrees the valve 216 is closed `and the valve215 is open, permitting an influx of exhaust gas from the passage 114directly into .the-chamber 217 and thence to 105; valve 151 being set toadmit more exhaust, for a given throttle opening, in the zero Weather.The position of these valves is conveniently shown through indicatormembers `218 and 219 respectively, which are adapted to be operated overtemperature scales 220 and 221 secured to the side o'tl the heatercasing; as shown clearly in Figure 1. From the-*annular passage 105 theexhaust, from which the heat has been largely removed, is directed intoa discharge pipe 125 communicating with the annular passage 105 throughopenings 126-and 127. The mixture ot air and liquid fuel passes through-the pipe 68 and is directed into a chamber formed in the opposite endof the vheater and communicating with the annular passage 115 formedbetween the shells 111 and 108. As the exhaust gas is first directedthrough the passages in the shell 111, this shell is heated to a highdegree, and in consequence causes a rapid heating of the mixture, whichis aided by a series ot radially disposed longitudinal ribs 128 formedupon the periphery of the shell 111 and extending into the passage 115.After traversing throughout the complete length of the passage 115 themixture passes into an annular chamber 130 and thence into a passage 107communicating with the final mixing chamber.

This heater is designed to raise the temperature of the mixture to acomparatively high degree, that is to say, perhaps 280o F. which mayrepresent the approximate temperature at which the mixture leaves theheater.' At this point the mixture is a saturated or a superheated vaporand it is essential that more air be injected into the mixture in orderto dilute the latter and form the proper proportion of air and liquidfor an .explosive charge. If the saturated mixture should become heatedto a higher degree than necessary, this additional air would be heatedcomparatively little so that the lower resulting temperature of theexplosive mixture is the proper temperature at which the mixture shouldbe introduced into the motor. The necessary'heating of the dilution airis accomplished by directing the air which enters at 137 through anannular passage 132 formed. ,between the shell 10) and the outer shell131 of the heater. The shell 109 forms the outer surface ot the annularpassage 105 for the exhaust gases, and is provided with radiallvdisposed. ribs 1513 which aid in the conducting'ot heat to the air. Asthe exhaust gases have cooled considerably before being directed intothe passage 105, the amount of heat transmitted to the` dilution airWill be considerably less than that transmitted to ,the mixture, `'sothat the dilution air is raised to a temperature considerably lower than4that of the mixture. After passing through the annularpassage 132 theair is directed into an outlet passage 134. which communicates with theinall mixing chamber through an air -valve 135.

The usual throttle #valve for controlling the supply of mixture to themotor is indicated at 140, and comprises a butterfly valve pivoted intheoutlet passage 107. The saturated mixture ypasses fromthis point intoa final mixing chamber 141 where it is mixed with an additional volumeof dilu. tion air, the supply of which is cont-rolled through thevalve135. vThe properly proport-ioned charge then )asses into the motorthrough a pipe 142. n order `to secure a thorough mixing of the dilutionair and the saturated mixture, a. roll of gauze 143 extends about themixing chamber, and-the dilution .air is compelled to pass through thesides of the roll while combining with the mixture which passes throughthe roll from end to end. In addition, gauze screens lo'iv ot theexhaust through the passage 114 leading to the heater, andasecondpassage 152 connecting directly with theV exhaust pipe. A,Thesegmental valve 151 is secured to theend of an arm 153 connected to arock shaft 155 which is operated automatically to gradually closethepassage 114 as the throttle is opened. The valve is constructed andarranged to permit-substantially all of the exhaust gas to pass into theheater when the throttle is only slightly open and to gradually closethe passage into the heater until the valve reaches the position shownin Figure 4 when the throttle iscompletely open, this position beingapproximately that assumed by the valve when operating in cold Weather.

The various part-s of the appara-tus are designed to operate inconjunction With one another vand With the opening ot the throt-v tlevalve. To this end all of the elements of the apparatus. including Y thethrottle valve, are connected to a common actuator which is operated bythe usual throttle control. An actuator 160. as shown clearly in Figure1, is fulcrumed upon ya shaft 161 secured upon the exhaust heater. Thisactuator is operated from thefusual throttle control (not shown) througha rod 163connected to the outer end of an `arm 164 extending from theactuator. With this constructionthe movements of the throttle control'toopen'or close the throttle rotate the actuator about the sha't't- 161.The throttle valve 140 is` connected to the actuator through a link 165,a bell crank 166 fulcrumed upon the heater casing at 167 a second link168,`a second bell crank 169, anda link 170 connected to'an arm 171which is secured to the shaft 172 ofthe throttle valve 140. The valvefor controlling` the supply of dilution air is also operated through thelink 168 and the bell crank 169 secured to kthe shaft 175 of the airvalve 135. This construction causes. the valves for controlling themixture and dilution air to be controlled directly in accordance withthe'movements of the throttle control. The position of the valve 151controlling the supply of exhaust gas to the heater is governed by anoperating link 180 connected at opposite ends to the actuator and to anarm 181 connected with the shaft 155 of the valve. In order to providefor Wide variations in temperature the arm 181 is adjustably connectedto the shaft 155 through an arm 225 secured to the shaft having a seriesof openings 226 formed therein, and an arm 227 secured to the arm 181and having a pin 228 adapted to register with one of the series ofopenings, as will be clearly evidenced from an inspection of Figure 1.With this construction the position of the valve at different throttle`openings may be varied as desired. The air valve 95 is controlled in alike manner through a link 183 connected at its opposite ends to theactuator and to an arm 184; extending from the shaft 185 of the valve95. The control of the valves for admitting -water, oil and air to thedischarge chamber 36 is secured by a link 190, connected at its oppositeends to an arm 191 extending from the actuator andan arm 192y secured tothe shaft 59.` With this construction, rotation of the actuator causes arotation of the gear segment 57 about the shaft 59 to properly vary theliquid 'fuel and water valves through the pinions 55 and 56. The airvalve is caused to vary in synchronism therewith through a link 194connecting the adjacent ends of the gear segment 57 and 'the gearsegment 67 which operates the air valve as shown clearly in Figure 8.This connection is through upstanding studs 195 and 196 formed on theends of the adjacent segments, as shown clearly in Figure 1. The switchfor controlling the electric heater is connected to the actuator by alink 197 having its opposite ends connected respectively to an arm 198extending from the actuator and the arm 199 extending from the shaft 86.as shown clearly in Figure l.

In order to provide a lost motion connection and permit initialmovements et' the actuator without causing like movements of the switcharm 85, a lost motion connection is provided between the 'link 197 andthe arm '199. To this end the arm 199 has a spring extending overthelink 197 and is provided with a pin 201 received in a recess 202 formedin the end of the link 197, as shown 1n Figures 1 and 3. VheIi the linkis moved sutliciently to Acause the end 20%1 to enga-ge with a camsurface 205 formed upon a stationary bracket 206, the end of the link islifted against the pressure of the spring 200 lifting the link 197 fromthe pin and permitting a further lengthwise movement yof the link 197without causing a like movement of the arm 199, the pin 201 thensliding` in a longitudinal slot 208 formed in the arm 197. lThis breakin the connection between the link and arm occurs when the switch arm 85has been moved to a position in engagement with ashoulder 210 formed onthe contactv90 and prior to the completion of the movement of theactuator during the closing movement of the throttle. v

The temperature of the explosive mixture may be regulated manually if sodesired Figures 11 to 13, inclusive, illustrate diagrammatically themethods of incorporating the electric heater in the several electricalsystemsnow used upon'motor vehicles. In Figure 11 is shown the method ofincorporating the heater in the single unit system having a motorgenerator 250, a storage battery 251 and main circuit leads 252 and 253in which the storage battery and motor generator are located. The usuallights, indicated at 255, are located in a circuit 256 deriving itsenergy trom the storage battery 251. The switch arm 85 ot' the heater,is illustrated operating over the separate contact members 90 to 94;,inclusive. to cut more or less of the resistance indicated at 257 intothe circuit. The resistance indicated at 257 corresponds to the heatingunitsor trames 66. The main heater terminals are indicated at 260 and261 andthe operation of the heater is controlled primarily by a mainswitch ot the double throw type. so arranged that the circuit may becompleted either through a Contact 263 and a. second contact 26% orthrough the contact 261 alone. Then the electric heater is initiallythrown in upon starting the motork the switch is thrown .into engagementwith the contact 263, thus closing the circuit through lboth the storagebattery 251 and the motor generator 250. The storage battery will t-hussupply' the requisite current to the heateruntil the engine is startedand the voltage ot the generator-'has been raised to the requireddegree, when the current forthe heater will then be supplied by thegenerator relieving tlie'storage battery vet' the load. If so `desired,the switch may be then thrown into the position indicated `in .F ig. 1lin which the storage battery is cut out of t-he heater circuit4 and thecurrent is necessarily supplied by the generator. The control of theheater will be obvious from an inspection ot' Fig. l1, the movement otthe switch arm 85 `across successive contacts gradually throw- 20l shownin Figure 11, the contacts and the resistances controlled thereby inthis figure being` indicated` diagrammatically, however, at 270. InFigure 13 is shown the embodiment of the. heater in a two unit systemconsisting ota separate motor and generator 275, 276, respectively,located in parallel circuits and controlled by a main switch 277. Theusual storage battery Q51 is adapted to be connected in circuit witheither the motor or generator through the usual main circuit leads 252and :253. The main switch arm V277 when moved into engagement with thecontacts Q80. Q81, closes the circuit through the storage battery, themotor Q and the heater, which connected across the circuit. through theterminals 26() and 2611.. When the internal combustion motor y startedthe switch arm Q77 moved into engagement `with the contacts 282 and Q83.which closes the circuit through the generator 276, the

`storage battery Ql and the electric limiter.

The resistance for the electric heater is indicated diagrammatieally .at.270 as in. Figure l2.

lhileit is preferred. to employ the specific construction andarrangementot parts shown and. described. it will beunderstood that thisconstruction and arrangementis not essential except so far as'specif'iedin the claims, and may be changed or modified without departing from thehroa der features of the invention.

The invention having `been described, Awhat is claimed is:

l. An apparatus for the production of explosive mixtures, comprising abowl, a web dividing the bowl into two ioat chambers, an atomizingchamber formed in the web, an air passage formed in the web andcommunicating `with the atomizing chamber, a liquid passage connectingthe a-ir passage with each float chamber, and a separate valve forcontrolling the flow of v liquid through each passage. p

2. An apparatus. for the production of explosive mixtures, comprising abowl, a web dividing the bowl into two iioat chambers, an atomizingchamber formed in the, web, anair passage formed .in the web andcommunicating with the atomizing chamber, a. `liquid passage connectingthe air passage with each ioat chamber, and means for automaticallycontrolling' the flowof liquid through each passage in accordance withthe throttle opening.

3. An apparatus for kthe production of explosive mixtures, having incombination, an atomizer, an electric heater having la plurality ofheating units, means for conducting the atomized mixture through theheater, a switch for controlling the operation of the heater, a throttlevalve, and connections between the throttle valve andv switchconstructed and arranged to successively throw into operation additionalheating units as the throttle valve is opened. v

4. An apparatus for the production of explosive mixtures, having incombination, an atomizer, an electric heater comprising a plurality ofheating units, a switch for the heater, an operating arm for the switch,a throttle valve, and connections between the throttle. valve and armconstructed and arranged to permit initial movements of the throttlevalve without' causing like movements of the arm. Y

5. An apparatus for the production of explosive mixtures, comprising an.electric heater, a switch for the heater, a switch operating arm, athrottle valve, an actuator controlled by the movements o't' thethrottle valve, a link connecting the actuator and arm, and a lostmovement connection between the. link `and. arm. ,l

6. Ayn apparatus ttor the production of explosive mixtures, comprisingan atomizer, a plurality oi concentric shells, means lfor initiallyconducting exhaust gases through the. interior of the smallest shell andfor thereafter conducting the exhaust 'gases through the annular spacesurrounding two larger shells, and means for conducting thesaturated'mixture of air and liquid fuel through the annular spacesurrounding t-he smallest shell. A

7. An apparatusifor the production of cxplosive mixtures,comprising'ashelh means i for admitting exhaust gases to the shell7 aValve for controlling the admission of the exhaust gases to the shell, athrottle valve, connections between the throttle valve and admissionvalve for controlling the latter in accordance with the movements of thethrottle valve, a pair o't' valves for controlling, respectively, theadmission and discharge of exhaust gases to and -from the shell, anindicator arm connected to each valve and a temperature scale over whichthe indicator arm travelsto permit a manual regulation ot1 the valves inaccordance with variations in atmospheric temperature.

S, An apparatus for the production of explosive mixturesY` comprising anatomizer, means for initiallyv heating the atomized mixture to apredetermined temperature, means for heating dilution air to a lowertemperature, means lor thereafter mixing the atoinized mixture anddilution air, and means for finally admitting air at atmospheric.temperature to the heated mixture.

GUY B. COLLIER.

